Electric Vehicle : The future mobility

Brief intro to an EV


An EV is an electric vehicle that does not uses natural fuel i.e Petrol Diesel,CNG ,PNG,LNG,LPG etc. An EV uses electricity that is AC or DC as fuel and to run the vehicle electric motor is used as power producer/generator.


 Previously from 19th century to till today electric trains run with direct connection of electricity from OHE wire so they does not needed to store it but for smooth,eaiser and cheaper movement different devices and different methods are used such as OHE wire, transformer,cooler, thyristor, inverter etc.

       But now Electric vehicles can't run in this way, because trains have a specific track but other vehicles does not have . So to solve this problem Lithium-ion Batteries are made . Li-ion battery stores electricity in DC , once it gets fully charged then there is no need to continue connection , it deliver for some time. EV includes electric train,car,bus, aircraft, spacecraft, underwater vessels etc.

       Firstly EV was introduced in mid 19th century. Government incentives to increase the adoption were introduced in late 2005 including European Union and united States , leading to a growing market for vehicles in 2010. 

        An automobile have many parts e.g Body, Chassis,Frame member,Cross member,wheels,Tyres, Engine,Fuel tank, Radiator,AC, Exhaust system,Gear box, Transmission system, Axel,Break etc. From these parts everything is same but in EV in place of engine there is an electric motor,in place of fuel tank there is battery,in place of exhaust system there is othEr electronic and electrical equipment like inverter, controller, battery cooling system, etc .

    Charging system: 

●Direct connection to generation plant is used in electric train,tram with the help of OHE and Third rail.

● Now in modern technology online electric vehicle takes electricity from electromagnetic induction method from electric strips buried under road surface.

Types of EVs :


 There are four types of EV i.e Battery electric vehicle BEV , Hybrid electric vehicle HEV , Fuel Cell Electric vehicle FCEV , Plug in hybrid electric vehicle.

Battery Electric Vehicle : It is fully powered by electricity. These are more efficient compared to hybrid and plug in hybrid.

Hybrid Electric Vehicle : It uses both IC engine (petrol) and battery powered motor . Engine is used for both to drive and charge the battery.

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle : It also uses both IC engine and electric motor with battery.But to charge the battery there is external port called plug which is connected to external power source while charging.

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle : In this electric energy is produced by chemical energy e.g Hydrogen FCEV.


◆For especially large EVs like submarine, diesel, petrol engines are replaced by nuclear reactor.

◆Full electric vehicle energy storage method are chemical energy (Li-ion) , kinetic energy (flywheel), static energy stored on board vehicle in on board electric double layer capacitor.

Li-ion : It have higher energy density, longer life span,high power density, complicated factor include safety, durability,thermal breakdown.

Electric motor :

It's power is measured in kilowatt. It can deliver maximum torque over wide RPM range.

Usually DC  power from battery is given to DC/AC inverter where it is converted to AC and sent to 3 phase AC motor.

◆ Modern Hybrid EVs use efficiency improving technology like Regenerative breaking system.

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