Types of thermocouple


 Types of Thermocouple 


    Thermocouple is a device (sensor) that is used to measure the temperature which can not be measured by using normal thermometer. It works on principle of Thomas Seebeck effect. According to which when metal is heated at one end and other is kept cold then a slight potential difference generates between both ends and an emf cause to flow of current which can be measured by multimeter.


According to the type of use and range of measurment of temperature thermocouple are made of different metals , of different diameter are of following types::

1. Type B thermocouple 

2. Type C thermocouple

3. Type E thermocouple 

4. Type J thermocouple

5. Type K thermocouple

6. Type N thermocouple

7. Type R thermocouple

8. Type S thermocouple

9. Type T thermocouple

10. Tungsten & tungsten Rhenium thermocouple

      Thermocouple are commonly used in industries,offices,big organizations due to its large range and technical specifications. It is manufactured in different types as Thermocouple probe , thermocouple probe with connectors, transition joint thermocouples , bare wire thermocouple or just thermocouple wire.

They are available in  combination of different metals or calibration.Most common are base metal thermocouple as type J,K,T,E&N.High temperature calibration are noble metal thermocouple as type R,S,C,&GB.

Temperature measurements carries according to diameter of wire and metal used.

K type thermocouple is also known for general purpose due to low cost and temperature range.



Material in thermocouple is needed to be non magnetic, non corrosive or resistant .

Type B thermocouple::

                                         It is made of combination of platinum and rhodium . Positive terminal is composed of 70% platinum & 30% rhodium. Negative terminal is composed of 94% platinum & 6% rhodium. It's range is up to 1800℃

2.Type E thermocouple::

                                            This type has higher accuracy and stronger signal than type K&J at moderate temperature range. It produces highest EMF per degree. It's positive terminal is made of 90% nickel-10% chromium & Negative terminal is made of Constantan ( 95% nickel, 2%aluminium , 2%Maganese & 1% silicon). Temperature range is -200℃ to 900℃(-328°F to 1652°F) with standard accuracy +-1.7%. It is used where high accuracy and fast response is required & not used in low oxygen application and sulphuric environment.

3. Type J thermocouple::

                                            It is of low cost . Positive terminal is made of iron and negative terminal is made of 45% nickel & 55% copper. Temperature range is -200℃ to 750℃(346°F to 1400°F) with sensivity of 50 microvolt/℃.

4. Type K thermocouple::

                                              It's positive terminal is made of 90% nickel & 10% chromium, negative terminal is made of 95% nickel , 2% aluminum, 2% manganese,1% silicon.Its temperature range is -200℃ to 1250℃(-328°F to 2282°F) with sensivity of 41 microvolts/℃ and accuracy of +-2.2%.  It is not recommended to use in partially oxidizing condition.

5. Type N thermocouple::

                                             It is designed by Defence Science and technology Organization (DSTO) of Australia. It's accuracy is same as type K . Temperature range is -270℃ to 1300℃ with sensivity of 39 microvolts/℃ . It is composed of nickel , chromium &silicon.

6. Type R thermocouple::

                                           It  is composed of platinum & rhodium . Output range and stability is slightly more than type S . Positive terminal is made of 87% platinum & 13% rhodium, negative terminal is made of platinum. Temperature range is 0℃ to 1600℃.

7. Type S thermocouple::

                                            It is used for higher temperature application due to high accuracy and stability. Positive terminal is made of 90% platinum,10% rhodium and negative terminal is made of platinum. It's temperature range is 630℃ to 1064℃.

8. Type T thermocouple::

                                             It is suitable for low temperature range of -250℃ to 350℃. Positive terminal is made of copper and negative terminal is made of constantan (45% nickel , 55% copper). Sensitivity is 43microvolts/℃.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Padma awards 2023

Image
  Padma Awards : 2023 Two days ago the president of India Smt. Draupadi Murmu Awarded 106 individuals (including posthomous). Padma Award is most Honored civilian award in India after Bharat Ratna. The Padma awards are one of the highest civilian honors conferred in India. These awards are given to individuals who ha ve made significant contributions in their respective fields, including art, literature, science, social work, public affairs, and sports. The awards are announced every year on the eve of Republic Day, which is celebrated on 26th January. History of the Padma Awards The Padma awards were instituted in 1954 by the government of India to recognize exceptional achievements and services rendered by individuals in various fields. The awards were initially classified into three categories, namely Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri. In 2019, a new category called the Padma Shri was introduced to honor individuals who have made significant contributi
Read more

CBI : Indian Investigating Agency

Image
  CBI : Central Bureau of Investigation Recently  Karnataka police Chief Praveen Sood has been choosen as the next director of CBI. CBI or Central Bureau of Investigation is central governing Investigating agency.   Let's know more about CBI in details  CBI means  Central Bureau of Investigation, it is a premier investigating agency of India. It is responsible for investigating a wide range of crimes, including corruption economic offences serious crimes, and high profile cases, that have national and international ramifications . CBI was set up in 1963 by a resolution of ministry of Home affairs based on the recommendations of the Santhanam Committee on Prevention of Corruption (1962-1964). CBI is not a statuary body. It drives its power from the Delhi  Special Police Establishment ACT 1946. It comes under the administrative control of the department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) of the ministry of Personnel,  Public Grievances and Pensions.  CBI provides assistance to control
Read more

BharOS : India's own Operating System

Image
 BharOS:Indian Operating System         Yesterday the Union Minister for Communications, Electronics and Information Technology, Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and Union Telecom and Rail Minister Ashwini Vaishnav taken the test of India's Own Operating System known as BharOS which developed by IIT Madras .        It is the Initiative by IIT madras under the Initiative of PM Narendra Modi's "Aatma Nirbhar Bharat " and "Digital India". IIT Madras has incubated facilities to boost new technologies and startups, JandK operations Private Limited is on of them. The BharOS Operating system is made by the help of JandK operations. According to developers it will benifit 100 crore of indian mobile users.  Currently this OS is not available for common people. IIT Madras is looking to collaborate with private startups, Indian tech companies, and government organizations  to develop it at world level to eliminate the dependency over Android and iOS. It is i
Read more

Ganga Expressway

Image
U ttar pradesh is now going to be a"Express Pradesh" as yesterday Prime minister Shri Narendra Modi Stonelayed the foundation of UPs longest expressway " Ganga Expressway   " in Shahjahanpur. 594 KM  long Ganga Expressway projects foundation stone layed by Prime minister Narendra Modi in the presence of Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Aditya Nath in Shahjahanpur.It will be longest expressway of UP .    It will pass through 12 districts of Up I.e. Meerut,Hapur,Sambhal, Chandausi,Amroha,Budaun, Shahjahanpur,Hardoi,Unnao, Raebareli, Pratapgarh, Pryagraj . It will connect Bijauli village on NH-334 in Meerut to Judapur Dandu village on NH-19 in Prayagraj.     It will be 6 lane green field access controlled expressway.It connects eastern up to western up. 3.5 KM Air strip will also constructed in Shahjahanpur for emergency landing of airforce aircrafts.    It is expected that the project will complete in 2024 & it is expandable to 8 lane expressway     Government has decided to
Read more

ISROs Reusable launch vehicle autonomous landing mission RLV

Image
  What is Reusable Launch Vehicle   Recently ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) conducted a test to the landing of Reusable Launch Vehicle. It is a milestone achievement for ISRO and INDIA . From this test , ISRO becomes in the list of countries having reusable launch space flight. Here we look on about the reusable launch vehicles.           A reusable launch vehicle (RLV) autonomous landing mission refers to the ability of a rocket or spacecraft to return to earth and land autonomously, without the need for human intervention. This is an important capability for reusable launch vehicles, as it allows them to be reused for multiple missions, reducing the overall cost of spaceflight.  In a reusable launch vehicle autonomous landing mission, the spacecraft or rocket must be able to navigate through the earth's atmosphere and make course corrections as needed to ensure a safe landing. This typically involves a combination of onboard sensors and computers systems, as well as so
Read more

Agnipath scheme: Indian Agniveer

Image
  Agnipath Scheme :  Y esterday Defence minister Rajnath Singh launched the Agnipath scheme for service in Indian Armed forces i.e Army,Navy, Airforce. Soldiers will be known as Agniveer . During its announcement chief of Tri-services i.e Armi chief,Navy chief, Airforce chief were present. Under this scheme , youth of 17.5 years to 21 years will be taken for 4 year service including 6 months training. After completion of 4 year of service 75 % will be retired and 25 % with extra capabilities, leadership skills, qualities,ready to face challenge , soldiers will be permanent. During first year ofservice 30000 per month salary given to them after that 40000 will be payed. In which 70 % will be paid to soldiers and remaining 30 % will be kept by government which will covered as PF and adding extra 30 % by government is paid as 'Seva Nidhi' after retirement. As giving seva nidhi to them at one time , no pension will be given.  Government has planned to reduce the  pension and salary
Read more

चैट GPT ChatGPT क्या है ?

Image
  चैट GPT ChatGPT  क्या है ?     C hatGPT चैट जी पी टी एक ऐसा नाम जिसे आज तक किसी ने  न सुना न ही इस्तेमाल किया पर एक महीने के ही अंदर ही सबकी जुबान पर सर चढ़ के बोल रहा है I यह एक चैटबॉट है जो की बिलकुल गूगल असिस्टेंट और आईफोन सीरी की तरह काम करता है बस फर्क इतना  यह अभी वॉइस असिस्टेंट पे न काम करके केवल टेक्स्ट जनरेशन पर काम करता है        इस चैटबॉट का निर्माण अमेरिका की कंपनी OpenAI ने किया है यह ChatGPT अभी ट्रायल रन पर है पर इसके बीटा वर्जन को आम यूजर्स के लिए ओपन कर दिया है।  लोगों को इसके फीचर्स इतने  है की इसको 30 नवम्बर को रिलीज़ किया गया और पांच  दिन के अंदर ही  10 लाख यूजर्स हो गए।       यह चैटबॉट आर्टिफीसियल इंटेलिजेंस पर काम करता है।  यह मशीन लर्निंग और आर्टिफीसियल इंटेलिजेंस का अजूबा है जो की सभी AI technoligies को पीछे छोड़  भविस्य में यह एक वरदान साबित हो सकता है क्योंकि यह हर वो काम जो की गूगल और एप्पल की वॉइस असिस्टेंट मिनटों में करते है उन्हें सेकंडों में कर रहा है वो भी इंसान की भाषा में उसकी लोकल भाषा में । ChatGPT , Prototype-Dialogue पर आधारित है।   How it Works ?  
Read more

Jaipur Vande Bharat

Image
  New Delhi-Jaipur-Ajmer Vande Bharat           A fter a long witing finally today Rajasthan got its first Vande Bharat Express ,the 15th Vande Bharat Express is now operational between Delhi Cantt and Ajmer Connecting Gurugram, Alwar and  Jaipur in between. It will cover of 443km in an expected time of approx 6 hours with an average speed of 70-80kmph according to track condition. On 29th March its trial run was conducted on Delhi-Jaipur route with High rise pantograph  .          समृद्ध विरासत वाले राज्य राजस्थान को उसकी पहली वंदेभारत का उपहार देश के प्रधानमंत्री श्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने दिया। इससे प्रसिद्ध पुष्कर मेले ,  के पर्यटन को भी बढ़ावा मिलेगा।  पूरी तरह से स्वदेशी वंदे भारत ट्रैन से दिल्ली गुरुग्राम अलवर जयपुर और अजमेर के बीच यात्रा सुविधाजनक होगी। इससे अजमेर और दिल्ली के बीच यात्रा में एक घंटे की कमी आएगी।  खूबियां :                  यह ट्रैन UV एयर पूरीफिकेशन सिस्टम , ऑनबोर्ड वाईफाई , 180 डिग्री रेक्लाइनेर चेयर , आटोमेटिक डोर्स , कवच सिस्टम , सीसीटीवी ,  इमरजेंसी टॉक बैक यूनिट
Read more

Thermocouple: Principle,working,& types

Image
  The world is in twenty first century & this era is of technology.Heat is an energy and a fundamental need for lives.In this time of technology advancement every thing is works on specific parameters that's why it is necessary to know accurate values of every input and output.     Same thing applied in everything where hot work is going to be that is Temperature. To measure the temperature a sensor device is used known as Thermocouple     Thermocouple is a sensor or device which is used to measure the temperature.     Now the question arises that temperature can be measured by thermometer or mercury tube But they are used only for limited temperature range. To measure the temperature above and below the range of normal thermometer, thermocouple is used.     Thermocouple consist of two wires of different conducting (both electricity and heat) material joined in a loop making couple. So thermocouple is a couple made by two wires to measure the temperature. Thermocouple work on p
Read more

Forging process

Image
Forging: Manufacturing process Forging is a process of shaping or forming metals by using compressive force/pressure. Majority of forging is done by heating the metal which is called Hot Forging , but some times fishing is done on cold metals at room temperature called Cold Forging. Forging used to make from nuts and bolts to Ship propellers.       Forged parts are more stronger than cast one because in cast metals grains are random oriented but in forging , they are oriented in a same pattern. ● Normally metals are cold forged and alloys are hot forged.       Forging is used in manufacturing industries for making hardware product, automotive parts, aerospace parts, machine parts and equipment etc.    Operations in forging : 1. Fullering 2. Edging 3. Flatting 4. Swaging 5. Bending (V-bending,L-bending)    Classification of forging on the basis of temperature : 1. Cold forging : Cold forging is done when metal is already soft like aluminum. After cold forging metal needed to be annealed
Read more